After the city was occupied by the Austrian Empire,
the Turkish population fled. Of the remainder, we know
of about 600-700 inhabitants out of which 446 were Serbs,
144 Jewish, and 35 Armenians. The "Armenische Stadt"
as a separate quarter existed until the Great Plague
of 1738.

According to the 1720 data, the largest ethnic group in
the city was Serb. Other smaller groups included Romanians
and Jews; there were no Hungarians or Germans in the city
at that time. Later, many Germans settled in the city,
and gradually they became the largest ethnic group.

In 1718, the first beer factory in Transylvania was built.
As one of the first cities in Eastern Europe to embrace
the industrial revolution, the first tobacco mill in today's
Romania was set up in Timişoara.

Between 1728 and 1771 a canal Bega was built to unite the
city with the Danube river. In 1849 Timişoara became the
capital of the Austrian crownland of Voivodship of Serbia
and Tamiš Banat as the result of the Spring of Nations
revolution; the province was ethnically extremely diverse,
as its population was made up of Romanians, Germans, Serbs,
and Hungarians. The crownland was abolished in 1860 and
passed to Hungarian rule in 1867 with the creation
of the dual monarchy.

The city was also the first city in the Austro-Hungarian
Empire to have public lighting using suet candles and lamps
with oil and grease. Timişoara also became the first city
in Europe to have electric public lighting on the 12th of
November 1884, (four years after New York City). A tram
hauled by horses also came into service around this period.
Meanwhile, in 1869 Timişoara was also the first city in the
Kingdom of Hungary to have an ambulance station.

In 1910, the town had 72,555 inhabitants: 31,644 (43.6%) Germans,
28,552 (39.3%) Hungarians (most probably including the Hungarian
speaking Jews), 7,566 (10.4%) Romanians and 3,482 (4.8%) Serbs.

See also:

• László Székely
• Art Nouveau
• Little Vienna